![]() Īn upper GI bleed is more common than lower GI bleed. Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum or endoscopy of the large bowel are generally recommended within 24 hours and may allow treatment as well as diagnosis. If other measures are not effective, an esophageal balloon may be attempted in those with presumed esophageal varices. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics may be considered in certain cases. Often blood transfusions are not recommended unless the hemoglobin is less than 70 or 80 g/L. Initial treatment focuses on resuscitation which may include intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. Medical imaging may be useful in cases that are not clear. Endoscopy of the lower and upper gastrointestinal tract may locate the area of bleeding. Small amounts of bleeding may be detected by fecal occult blood test. Causes of lower GI bleeds include: hemorrhoids, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease among others. Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others. īleeding is typically divided into two main types: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Sometimes in those with small amounts of bleeding no symptoms may be present. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, shortness of breath, pale skin, or passing out. Small amounts of bleeding over a long time may cause iron-deficiency anemia resulting in feeling tired or heart-related chest pain. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool. Gastrointestinal bleeding ( GI bleed), also called gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( GIB), is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. Proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, antibiotics Intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, endoscopy ![]() ![]() Medical history and physical examination, blood tests Lower: hemorrhoids, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease Upper: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis, cancer Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, lower gastrointestinal bleeding Iron-deficiency anemia, heart-related chest pain Vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, black stool, feeling tired Medical condition Gastrointestinal bleeding
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